Software Vault: The Gold Collection/Software Vault - The Gold Collection (American Databankers) (1993).ISO/cdr17/tide162.zip/TIDES.DOC

Text File | 1993-05-11 | 19KB | 369 lines

                               TIDES.DOC

   DOCUMENTATION FOR TIDE PREDICTING PROGRAMS - VERSION 1.6- 1989 OCT 27

                           Edward P. Wallner
                           32 Barney Hill Road
                           Wayland, MA 01778-3602
                           (508)-358-7938


   This is a series of programs for predicting the height of the tide or
   the strength of the tidal current at given stations. They run on IBM
   compatible machines under MS-DOS or IBM-DOS. The method and format
   followed in the predictions are generally those used by the National Ocean
   Service (NOS) in the standard tide and current tables.

   These programs may be freely copied and used for non-commercial purposes.
   If you find them useful a contribution ($15 suggested) would be welcomed.
   In any case feel free to use the programs and pass them on without
   alteration and without charge.

   The author assumes no responsiblity for any errors in the program or the
   predictions.

   Detailed predictions are made for high and low water (or maximum ebb and
   flood) at reference stations for which the tidal constants have been
   derived from observations made over a long period of time. The tides for
   subordinate stations are found by making corrections to the times and
   heights (or speeds) at the reference stations. The predictions for
   subordinate stations are less accurate than for reference stations,
   particularly for the lower high and higher low water where tides are
   nearly diurnal. Current floods/ebbs at subordinate stations may also be
   less accurate.

   The TIDES program predicts the height of the tide or strength of the
   current at any time. The values at reference stations are of the same
   order of accuracy at any time as for the high/low or flood/ebb values. The
   predictions for subordinate stations may be less accurate at intermediate
   times, the more so the larger the corrections.

   TIDES.EXE is the executable version of the prediction program which runs
   with or without an 80x87 coprocessor. Just enter TIDES and follow the
   prompts exactly, filling in zeros if required by the prompt format.

   With a math coprocessor version 1.6 runs about 4/3 as fast as version 1.5.
   Without a coprocessor version 1.6 runs about 1/2 as fast as version 1.5. A
   compiled version 1.5 for use with no coprocessor is included on the disk.
   (Version 1.6 with coprocessor is over 10 times as fast as 1.5 without. An
   8087 coprocessor can be bought for less than $100 and is a good investment
   if you do much number crunching, such as tidal predictions.)

   The source program TIDES.BAS is written in QuickBASIC. In order to fit a
   good selection of station constants on the distribution disk, the source
   program is omitted. It is available to contributers on request.

   The programs should run on any IBM machine or compatible. The text output
   should be OK on any printer. The plot of tide heights on the monitor works
   on the Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) board and on the printer uses codes
   for the EPSON (IBM extended ASCII.)

   When the programs are executed selected stations for which tidal constants
   have already been stored in the TIDES format are listed along with the
   file name under which they are kept. (The selected list of station names
   and locations displayed is stored in file STALIST.T&C, but the name of any
   file of data in the TIDES format can be used. Undesired stations can be
   edited out of STALIST.T&C using EDLIN or any other text editing program.
   Other stations for which a data file already exists can be added by
   copying the next to last line of the data file into STALIST.T&C.)

   New stations for which no data file exists can be added using the program
   TIDCON (see below.)

   Predictions should be accurate for any era within a few centuries of the
   present unless the physical conditions at the station change. Accuracy
   increases very slightly using short prediction intervals. Intervals much
   greater than one year may lead to significant error and those greater than
   480 days are rejected.

   The main menu gives options for computing and printing highs and lows, for
   computing and printing hourly heights, for plotting heights at a given
   interval (0.5 hours generally works well), for computing the height at
   specified dates and times and for printing the astronomical factors
   entering the predictions (used mainly for verifying the program). The
   equivalent quantities are computed for tidal currents.

   TIDCON is used to generate files of harmonic constants for the TIDES
   program for both reference and subordinate stations. Type TIDCON to run
   this program.

   First a title and file name for the station are entered. The prompt for
   the title has places for the latitude and longitude of the station which
   are optional inputs for better identification and do not affect the
   computation. For stations for which harmonic constants are available you
   are then prompted to enter the type of station (tide, current, or
   hydraulic current) and the amplitude and phase of each of 37 tidal
   constituents. The constants are entered in sequence from the NOS form 444
   of "Standard Harmonic Constants for Prediction", columns B (?.??xH) and D
   (-k') including the minus sign in column D. (If there is no data in column
   B, use column H (Amplitude). Some recent sets of data give +k' in column
   D, so a - sign must be added when entering -k'for them.) If the amplitude
   of the constituent is zero entering "0" or just a carriage return will
   enter 0 for both the amplitude and phase.

   Optionally several minor constituents can be inferred from the major
   constituents if they are not entered directly. This generally gives a
   slight improvement in accuracy at the cost of a slight increase in running
   time.

   For subordinate stations the corresponding reference station data must have
   been entered. A list of some stations for which data is already stored is
   shown and the reference station entered. The time differences between the
   reference and subordinate stations at high and low (or maximum flood and
   ebb) are entered, then the height differences. In some cases the range of
   the tide at both stations is requested, as is the maximum flood and ebb
   for current stations.

   When computing the tide for specified dates and times, dates more than 200
   days from the middle of the time interval put in initially are rejected to
   avoid significant errors.

   DATA SOURCES

   The harmonic constants for various North American reference stations are
   published by:
      National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
      National Ocean Service N/OMA132
      Rockville, Maryland 20852

   I have a complete set of this data for all U.S. reference stations, about
   76 other U.S. stations and many Canadian west coast stations. I will send
   a copy of a limited number of station constants and subordinate station
   corrections if you will let me know the area of interest and send a
   stamped self addressed 9¼"x4" envelope. The stations for which constants
   are available are listed below.

   An international repository for tidal constants is:
      Dominion Hydrographer
      Canadian Hydrographic Service
      Department of Fisheries and Oceans
      615 Booth Street
      Ottawa, Ontario K1A-OE6
      Canada

   They have provided a listing of 4208 stations worldwide for which harmonic
   constants are on file. If you wish constants for foreign locations send me
   the latitudes and longitudes (to the nearest minute) with a self
   addressed, stamped envelope and I will eventually send the constants for
   the closest station in the IHO data set.

   The IHO data uses the symbols H for amplitude and G for phase in place of
   k'. The phase angle must be entered with a negative sign, i.e. -k' or -G
   in the current version of the program.

   Corrections for tides and currents for subordinate U.S. locations are given
   in the annual tables published by the National Ocean Service. In 1989 the
   datum to which height of tide is referred was changed from mean low water
   to mean lower low water for all U.S. stations. Though the difference is
   only a couple of tenths of a foot or less, data should be taken from 1989
   or later tables. The constants themselves do not change appreciably over
   many years so any later table can be used.

   The theory used in the TIDES program is given in:
      Manual of Harmonic Analysis and Prediction of Tides
      Paul Schureman
      Coast and Geodetic Survey Special Publication No.98
      U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1941

   This book has been reprinted recently and is available from NOS for $5.00.

   MISCELLANEOUS

   The compiled TIDES computes the highs and lows for Boston for a month in
   about 1½ minutes on an IBM-XT with an 8087 coprocessor, and in about 38
   minutes without an 8087. (The time for the previous compiled version
   without an 8087 was 18 minutes. This program is included as TIDES15.)
   Predictions for Boston and New York for 1986 agreed with the standard
   tables to the minute and tenth of a foot for most cases with some times
   off by 2 or 3 minutes and an occasional difference of .1 or .2  foot.
   Currents in Cape Cod Canal were generally within 0.1 knot.

   The present version of the program does not give predictions of slack
   water at current stations and for rotary currents the north and east
   components of velocity must be predicted separately at hourly intervals
   and combined vectorially by the user. If there is a demand for these
   features I may get around to adding them sometime.

   Starting in the 1989 tables the datum was changed to mean lower low water
   for all ports, which meant a change of a few tenths of a foot in Z0 (item
   1, line 2 of -.TID data files) for ports on the Atlantic coast. The new
   values have been used in the data on this disk.

   New constants have also been used for Eastport starting in 1989.

   If you have any suggestions, comments or problems please let me know.
   
   REFERENCE STATIONS COVERED BY NATIONAL OCEAN SURVEY

   TIDES - EAST COAST

   Albany, New York                     Punta Palmas, Venezuela
   Amuay, Venezuela                     Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
   Baltimore, Maryland                  Portland, Maine
   Boston, Massachusetts                Reedy Point, Delaware
   Breakwater Harbor, Delaware          St. Marks River Entrance, Florida

   Bridgeport, Connecticut              St. Petersburg, Florida
   Caleta Percy, Magellan Strait, Chile***
   Charleston, South Carolina           Sandy Hook, New Jersey
   Cristobal, Panama                    San Juan, Puerto Rico
   Eastport, Maine                      Savannah, Georgia

   Galveston, Texas                     Savannah River Entrance, Georgia
   Hampton Roads, Virginia              Suriname Rivier, Surinam
   Isla Zapara, Venezuela               Tampico Harbor, Mexico
   Key West, Florida                    Washington, D.C.
   Mayport, Florida                     Willets Point, New York

   Maimi Harbor Entrance, Florida       Wilmington, North Carolina
   Mobile, Alabama
   New London, Connecticut
   Newport, Rhode Island
   New York, New York

   Pensacola, Florida
   Punta Gorda, Venezuela

   TIDAL CURRENTS - EAST COAST

   Baltimore Harbor Approach, MD        Mobile Bay Entrance, FL
   Boston Harbor, MA                    Pollock Rip Channel, MA
   Cape Cod Canal, MA                   Portsmouth Harbor Entrance, NH
   Charleston Harbor, SC                St. Johns River Entrance, FL
   Chesapeake & Delaware Canal          Savannah River Entrance, GA
   Chesapeake Bay Entrance              Tampa Bay Entrance, FL
   Delaware Bay Entrance                The Narrows, New York Harbor, NY
   Galveston Bay Entrance, TX           The Race, Long Island Sound
   Hell Gate, East River, NY            Throgs Neck, Long Island Sound
   Key West, FL                         Vieques Passage, Puerto Rico
   Miami Harbor Entrance, FL

   TIDES - WEST COAST

   Aberdeen, Washington                 Matarani, Peru
   Anchorage, Alaska ***
   Astoria, Oregon
   Balboa, Panama                       Nikishka, Alaska
   Buenaventura, Columbia               Nushagak Bay, Alaska
   Callao, Peru                         Port Townsend, Washington
   Cordova, Alaska
   Dutch Harbor, Alaska                 Puntarenas, Costa Rica
   Guayaquil, Ecuador                   St. Michael, Alaska
   Guyamas, Mexico                      Salina Cruz, Mexico
   Honolulu, Hawaii                     San Diego, California
   Humboldt Bay, California             San Francisco, California
   Juneau, Alaska                       Seattle, Washington
   Ketchikan, Alaska                    Seldovia, Alaska
   Kodiak, Alaska                       Sitka, Alaska
   Kwajelein Atoll, Marshall Is.        Sweeper Cove, Alaska
   La Union, El Salvador
   Los Angeles, California              Talara, Peru
   Massacre Bay, Alaska                 Valdez, Alaska

   TIDAL CURRENTS - PACIFIC COAST

   Admiralty Inlet, WA                  Rosario Strait, WA
   Akutan Pass, Aleutian Islands        San Diego Bay Entrance, CA
   Ch'ang Chiang Entrance, China        San Francisco Bay Entrance, CA
   Deception Pass, WA                   San Juan Channel (S. Entrance), WA
   Grays Harbor Entrance, WA            Sergius Narrows, AK

   Huang P'u Chiang, China              Strait of Juan de Fuca Entrance
   Isanotski Strait, AK                 The Narrows, Puget Sound, WA
   Kvichak Bay, AK                      Unimak Pass, Aleutian Islands
   North Inian Pass, AK                 Wrangell Narrows, AK

   *** Complete prediction requires more than 37 constituents.

   
    Other Tide Stations 

   Alameda, CA                          Apalachicola, FL
   Apia, Samoa Islands
   Aquia Creek, Potomac River, VA       Aransas Channel, TX
   Arthur Harbor, Palmer Station, Antarctica
   Atlantic City (Steel Pier), NJ       Avon, NC

   Bar Harbor, ME                       Bayou Rigaud (Grand Isle), LA
   Bayshore, L.I., NY                   Bay St. Louis, MS
   Bears Bluff, N. Edisto R., SC        Block Island (Old Harbor), RI
   Boca Congrejos, Isla Verde, PR       Buzzards Bay Entr, Cape Cod Canal, MA
   Burntcoat Head, Nova Scotia          Canton Island, Phoenix Is., S. Pac.

   Cape Cod Canal, E. Entrance, MA      Cape Hatteras (Fishing Pier), NC
   Cape May (ferry terminal), NJ        Cape Steenboom, New Guinea
   Carlos Point, Estero Bay, FL         Charleston, OR
   Chesapeake Beach, MD                 Coconut Point, FL
   Colonial Beach, VA                   Constantine Harbor, AK

   Crescent City, CA                    Daytona Beach, Fl
   Daytona Beach Shores (Sunglow Pier), FL
   Elkhorn Slough, CA                   Esbjerg, Denmark
   Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, WA
   Galveston, Pleasure Pier, TX         Garibaldi, OR
   Guam (Apra Harbor), Marianas         Hirtshals, Denmark
   Indian River Inlet, DE

   Lewisetta, Potomac River, VA         Turkey Point, FL
   La Jolla, CA                         Eureka, CA
   Point of Pines, SC                   Port San Luis, CA.
   Neah  Bay, WA                        Cross Island, AK
   Nantucket, MA                        Malakal Harbor, Palau Is. Caroline Is.

   Matanzas Pass, Estero Island, FL     McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
   Mokuoloe Island, HI                  Montauk, Long Island, NY
   Monterey Harbor, CA                  Morehead City, NC
   Moss Landing, CA                     Myrtle Beach (Springmaid Pier), SC
   Naples, FL                           New Bedford, MA

   Newport Bay, CA                      Nikiska, Cook Inlet, AK
   Old Saybrook Point, CT               Padre Island (South End), TX
   Ponape Harbor, Caroline Islands      Port Aransas, TX
   President Channel, Orcas Is., WA     Providence, RI
   Puerto Soberania, Palmer Peninsula

   Punta Tunas, PR                      Reykjavik, Iceland
   Rincon Island, CA                    Rockland, ME
   Sabine Pass, TX                      Saint John, New Brunswick
   Seavey Island, ME                    Shell Point, FL
   Southbeach, OR                       Stamford, CT

   Tarawa, Gilbert Islands              Toke Point, WA
   Virginia Beach, VA                   Wachapreague, VA
   Wallops Island, VA                   Yakutat, AK

   International Hydrographic Organisation Data

   Banyuls, France                      Socoa, France
   Toulon, France                       Marseille, France
   Saint Servan, France                 Cherbourg, France
   Nice, France                         Venezia, Italy
   Grado, Italy                         Esbjerg, Denmark
   Aarhus, Denmark                      Hirtshals, Denmark

   Saint John, Canada                   Burntcoat Head, Canada
   Grand Turk, UK

   Cabo San Lucas, B.C.S., Mexico       La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
   Magdalena Bay, Mexico                San Carlos, B.C.S., Mexico
   Topolobampo, Sin., Mexico            San Juanico Bay, Mexico
   Yavaros, Son., Mexico                Ballenas Bay, Mexico
   Guaymas, Som., Mexico                Isla Guadalupe, B.C., Mexico
   Bahia de los Angeles, B.C., Mexico   Puerto Penasco, Son., Mexico
   Ensenada, B.C., Mexico               Salina Cruz, Oax., Mexico


   Matavia, Tahiti, France              Motuoini, Tahiti, France
   Nuku'alofa, Tonga                    Urangan Jetty, Australia
   Brisbane Bar, Australia              Caloundra Heads, Australia
   Brisbane (W. Inner Bar), Australia   Snapper Rocks(Danger Point), Australia
   Ballina, Australia                   Iluka, Australia
   Victoria Dock, Singapore             Horsburgh Lighthouse, Singapore
   Tg. Segenting, Malaysia              Colombo, Sri Lanka
   Hong Kong, UK                        Kao-Hsiung, China
   Fujairah, Oman (U.A.E.)              Naha Ko, Japan
   Kobe, Japan                          Nagoya, Japan
   Sinko, Yokohama, Japan